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恢復 RAID 陣列

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恢復 RAID 陣列

我透過強制重新啟動（在第五個硬碟上）意外損壞了 Ubuntu 17.10 的版本。在我的系統中，我還有 4 個其他硬碟驅動器，屬於 RAID5 陣列。現在我已經再次安裝了 Ubuntu 17.10，如何恢復我的陣列和資料？

我都嘗試過

sudo mdadm --assemble --uuid=XXXXXXXXXX

和

sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde

然後我可以安裝它，但是當我訪問文件時，它會提示輸入密碼並且資料夾是空的。所有陣列成員都顯示出活躍且乾淨的狀態。

注意：在崩潰之前，我將 /home 目錄移動並安裝到了該 RAID 上。請參閱下面的輸出：

cat /proc/mdstat 

Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] 
md0 : active raid5 sde[4] sdb[0] sdd[2] sdc[1] 8790405120 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] 
bitmap: 0/22 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk 
unused devices: <none>

下面的輸出為

sudo parted --list /dev/md0

Model: ATA TS128GSSD370S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 128GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name                  Flags
 1      1049kB  538MB  537MB  fat32        EFI System Partition  boot, esp
 2      538MB   128GB  127GB  ext4


Error: end of file while reading /dev/sdb
Retry/Ignore/Cancel? retry
Error: end of file while reading /dev/sdb
Retry/Ignore/Cancel? ignore                                               
Error: The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will
be used.
OK/Cancel? ok                                                             
Model: ATA ST3000VN000-1HJ1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags


Error: /dev/sdc: unrecognised disk label
Model: ATA ST3000VN000-1HJ1 (scsi)                                        
Disk /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags: 

Error: /dev/sdd: unrecognised disk label
Model: ATA ST3000VN000-1HJ1 (scsi)                                        
Disk /dev/sdd: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags: 

Error: end of file while reading /dev/sde
Retry/Ignore/Cancel? ignore
Error: The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will
be used.
OK/Cancel? ok                                                             
Model: ATA ST3000VN000-1HJ1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags


Model: WD Elements 25A1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdf: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      1049kB  3001GB  3001GB  ntfs         Elements  msftdata


Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md0: 9001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End     Size    File system  Flags
 1      0.00B  9001GB  9001GB  ext4

掛載 /dev/md0 /mnt 後

ls -la /dev/md* 的輸出是

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 9, 0 Apr 13 16:31 /dev/md0

/dev/md:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root   60 Apr 13 16:31 .
drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4520 Apr 13 16:31 ..
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    6 Apr 13 16:31 0 -> ../md0

答案1

這不是raid問題，更多的是權限問題。如果檢查命令的輸出cat /proc/mdstat，您可以看到 raid5 已完美組裝，如行[UUUU]中所示md0。

Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10]
md0 : active raid5 sde[4] sdb[0] sdd[2] sdc[1] 8790405120 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]
bitmap: 0/22 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>

分區表（循環設備的循環）和檔案系統（ext4）也很好。安裝循環設備後，mount /dev/md0 /mnt您應該會看到類似以下內容：

$ mount /dev/md0 /mnt
$ ls -la /mnt
  total 12
  drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Jun 29  2016 .
  drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Dec  7 10:42 ..
  drwxr-xr-x  3 1001 2001 4096 Feb  6  2017 oldusername

現在您需要將舊用戶主頁的所有者更改為當前用戶：

$ sudo chown $(stat -c '%u:%g' ~/) /mnt/oldusername
$ ls -la /mnt
  total 12
  drwxr-xr-x  3 root        root         4096 Jun 29  2016 .
  drwxr-xr-x 10 root        root         4096 Dec  7 10:42 ..
  drwxr-xr-x  3 currentuser currentgroup 4096 Feb  6  2017 oldusername

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